Benchmark Values
EU ETS free-allocation benchmark values by sector and CN code. Used to assess carbon leakage risk.
Benchmark values reflect the emission performance of the top 10% most efficient installations in the EU. Source: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/447 and CBAM default values per IR (EU) 2023/1773.
| Sector | Product type | CN prefix | Benchmark (tCO₂e/t) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron & Steel | Steel billets / blooms / slabs | 7207… | 1.328tCO₂e/t |
| Iron & Steel | Hot-rolled flat products | 7208… | 1.328tCO₂e/t |
| Iron & Steel | Cold-rolled / coated products | 7209–7210… | 1.328tCO₂e/t |
| Iron & Steel | Long products / wire rod | 7213–7217… | 1.328tCO₂e/t |
| Cement | Clinker | 2523.1… | 0.812tCO₂e/t |
| Cement | Portland cement | 2523.2–.9… | 0.812tCO₂e/t |
| Aluminium | Primary unwrought aluminium | 7601… | 6.711tCO₂e/t |
| Aluminium | Aluminium rolled / extruded | 7604–7607… | 6.711tCO₂e/t |
| Fertilizers | Nitric acid | 2808… | 1.619tCO₂e/t |
| Fertilizers | Anhydrous ammonia | 2814… | 1.694tCO₂e/t |
| Fertilizers | Urea (dry) | 3102.1… | 2.273tCO₂e/t |
| Fertilizers | Ammonium nitrate | 3102.3… | 1.695tCO₂e/t |
| Hydrogen | Pure hydrogen | 2804.1… | 5.576tCO₂e/t |